Watersheds in Digital Spaces: An Efficient Algorithm Based on Immersion Simulations
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Segmenting focused objects in complex visual images
Pattern Recognition Letters
Unsupervised Multiresolution Segmentation for Images with Low Depth of Field
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Histograms of Oriented Gradients for Human Detection
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
A Closed-Form Solution to Natural Image Matting
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
The digital photography book, volume 2
The digital photography book, volume 2
Thresholding using two-dimensional histogram and fuzzy entropy principle
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Segmenting a low-depth-of-field image using morphological filters and region merging
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Morphological grayscale reconstruction in image analysis: applications and efficient algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Unsupervized Video Segmentation With Low Depth of Field
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Segmenting focused objects based on the Amplitude Decomposition Model
Pattern Recognition Letters
Image matting for fusion of multi-focus images in dynamic scenes
Information Fusion
Computers and Electrical Engineering
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In this paper, we propose an automatic segmentation approach to extract focused objects from images with low depth of field (DOF). A focus energy map is first estimated based on the difference of high-frequency components between focused region and defocused background, and is exploited to construct region/boundary saliency maps on the basis of a pre-segmentation result by watershed transform. Then region/boundary masks for focused object are generated by entropy thresholding and flood filling, and an efficient boundary linking method is proposed to obtain closed region/boundary masks, which are exploited to reasonably generate a trimap containing seed regions for focused object and defocused background, and uncertain regions, respectively. Finally, the trimap is used as the input to an image matting model, which is utilized to classify the pixels in the uncertain regions to obtain an accurate focused object segmentation result based on the estimated alpha matte. Experimental results for a variety of low DOF images demonstrate the good segmentation performance of the proposed approach.