A classification of visual representations
Communications of the ACM
Assets '96 Proceedings of the second annual ACM conference on Assistive technologies
A tactile web browser for the visually disabled
Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM conference on Hypertext and hypermedia
Automating tactile graphics translation
Proceedings of the 7th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Spatial graph grammars for graphical user interfaces
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Analyzing visual layout for a non-visual presentation-document interface
Proceedings of the 8th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
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Various types of graphics are exchanged in our daily business and education processes. In spite of the importance of business graphics, they are not accessible for visually impaired people, especially for the blind, and this impacts their productivity at work. Current serialization-based screen reading techniques do not provide sufficient functionality for accessing graphics. In this paper, we report the results of our survey to identify next generation accessibility features in future graphics standards, especially for the OpenDocument Format (ODF). We will first compare accessibility functions in various types of existing standards. Then we will report our survey results for three related areas, a survey of existing business graphics in presentation documents to unveil the complexity of practical graphics, a survey of research on various types of graphical taxonomies, and a survey of interface technologies for representing graphics non-visually, such as screen reading and pictorial Braille. Finally, we will propose three practical enhancements for standard graphic formats based on the survey results.