Highly dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers
SIGCOMM '94 Proceedings of the conference on Communications architectures, protocols and applications
SPINS: security protocols for sensor networks
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice
Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice
LITEWORP: A Lightweight Countermeasure for the Wormhole Attack in Multihop Wireless Networks
DSN '05 Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks
A sinkhole attack detection mechanism for LQI based mesh routing in WSN
ICOIN'09 Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Information Networking
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The wormhole attack, which is accomplished by selectively relaying packets between two adversaries, can ruin routing and communication of the network without compromising any legitimate nodes. There have been a few countermeasures against the wormhole attack in generic ad hoc networks, but they are not appropriate for sensor networks since they require special devices (e.g. directional antenna) or put much overhead on each node. In this paper, we propose a new countermeasure against the wormhole attack for sensor networks, named WODEM. In WODEM, a few detector nodes equipped with location-aware devices and longer-lasting batteries detect wormholes, and normal sensor nodes are only required to forward control packets from the detector nodes. Therefore, WODEM is efficient in cost and energy. From the simulation results, we show that 10 detector nodes can detect a wormhole within the accuracy of 90% in a densely deployed sensor network.