Untraceable off-line cash in wallet with observers
CRYPTO '93 Proceedings of the 13th annual international cryptology conference on Advances in cryptology
EUROCRYPT '93 Workshop on the theory and application of cryptographic techniques on Advances in cryptology
Improved privacy in wallets with observers
EUROCRYPT '93 Workshop on the theory and application of cryptographic techniques on Advances in cryptology
CRYPTO '88 Proceedings of the 8th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Electronic cash on the Internet
SNDSS '95 Proceedings of the 1995 Symposium on Network and Distributed System Security (SNDSS'95)
Off-Line Cash Transfer by Smart Cards.
Off-Line Cash Transfer by Smart Cards.
An Efficient Off-line Electronic Cash System Based On The Representation Problem.
An Efficient Off-line Electronic Cash System Based On The Representation Problem.
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BOCC is Brand's offline cash with a counter, in which a temper-resistant device is used for prior avoidance of double-spending and a unit coin means a variable price on satisfying electronic cash attributes. BOCC should be reformed for easy use in mobile commerce. To support the variable limitation of price, refundability, and performance improvement, ECVL, RECVL, and REECVL are presented in this paper. Comparing REECVL with BOCC on PC simulation, 64% of withdraw and 68% of payment were improved.