Towards optimal and efficient perfectly secure message transmission

  • Authors:
  • Matthias Fitzi;Matthew Franklin;Juan Garay;S. Harsha Vardhan

  • Affiliations:
  • Department of Computer Science, ETH Zürich, Switzerland;Department of Computer Science, UC Davis, CA;Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ;Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Madras, India

  • Venue:
  • TCC'07 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Theory of cryptography
  • Year:
  • 2007

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Abstract

Perfectly secure message transmission (PSMT), a problem formulated by Dolev, Dwork, Waarts and Yung, involves a sender S and a recipient R who are connected by n synchronous channels of which up to t may be corrupted by an active adversary. The goal is to transmit, with perfect security, a message from S to R. PSMT is achievable if and only if n 2t. For the case n 2t, the lower bound on the number of communication rounds between S and R required for PSMT is 2, and the only known efficient (i.e., polynomial in n) two-round protocol involves a communication complexity ofO(n3l) bits, wherel is the lengthof themessage. A recent solution by Agarwal, Cramer and de Haan is provably communication-optimal by achieving an asymptotic communication complexity of O(nl) bits; however, it requires the messages to be exponentially large, i.e., l=ω(2n). In this paper we present an efficient communication-optimal tworound PSMT protocol for messages of length polynomial in n that is almost optimally resilient in that it requires a number of channels n ≥ (2 + ɛ)t, for any arbitrarily small constant ɛ 0. In this case, optimal communication complexity is O(l) bits.