The Z notation: a reference manual
The Z notation: a reference manual
The Unified Modeling Language reference manual
The Unified Modeling Language reference manual
The Object-Z specification language
The Object-Z specification language
A Formal Semantics for Object Model Diagrams
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
A Rigorous Metamodel for UML Static Conceptual Modelling of Information Systems
CAiSE '01 Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering
The UML as a Formal Modeling Notation
«UML» '98 Selected papers from the First International Workshop on The Unified Modeling Language «UML»'98: Beyond the Notation
ZUM '97 Proceedings of the 10th International Conference of Z Users on The Z Formal Specification Notation
Using Z as a Specification Calculus for Object-Oriented Systems
VDM '90 Proceedings of the Third International Symposium of VDM Europe on VDM and Z - Formal Methods in Software Development
UML'99 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on The unified modeling language: beyond the standard
A Formal Descriptive Semantics of UML
ICFEM '08 Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Formal Methods and Software Engineering
Automated Formalisation for Verification of Diagrammatic Models
Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS)
Validation of security-design models using Z
ICFEM'11 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Formal methods and software engineering
A semantics for UML-RT active classes via mapping into circus
FMOODS'05 Proceedings of the 7th IFIP WG 6.1 international conference on Formal Methods for Open Object-Based Distributed Systems
An object-oriented structuring for z based on views
ZB'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Formal Specification and Development in Z and B
Towards an institution for Object-Z specifications
International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology
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UML, and other object-oriented approaches to system specification and design, are increasingly popular in industry. Many attempts have been made to formalise either the notations, the system models produced using these notations, or both. However, there have been no attempts to compare the expressiveness of the formal approaches. This paper compares Z and Object-Z approaches to object-oriented formalisation. The Z approaches reflect different formalisation goals (a formal model of the system, a formal model of a diagrammatic object-oriented model). The Object-Z approach produces compact formal models, but imposes a particular semantic interpretation on the UML notations.