Effective bandwidths at multi-class queues
Queueing Systems: Theory and Applications
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Decentralized Adaptive Flow Control of High-Speed Connectionless Data Networks
Operations Research
Traffic Engineering and QoS Optimization of Integrated Voice & Data Networks
Traffic Engineering and QoS Optimization of Integrated Voice & Data Networks
Reinforcement learning-based load shared sequential routing
NETWORKING'07 Proceedings of the 6th international IFIP-TC6 conference on Ad Hoc and sensor networks, wireless networks, next generation internet
Performance evaluation of QoS-routing methods for IP-based multiservice networks
Computer Communications
QoS online routing and MPLS multilevel protection: a survey
IEEE Communications Magazine
Reinforcement learning-based load shared sequential routing
NETWORKING'07 Proceedings of the 6th international IFIP-TC6 conference on Ad Hoc and sensor networks, wireless networks, next generation internet
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Recently Gerald Ash has shown through case studies that event dependent routing is attractive in large scale multi-service MPLS networks. In this paper, we consider the application of Load Shared Sequential Routing (LSSR) in MPLS networks where the load sharing factors are updated using reinforcement learning techniques. We present algorithms based on learning automata techniques for optimizing the load sharing factors both from the user equilibrium and system optimum perspectives. To overcome the computationally expensive gradient evaluation associated with the Kuhn-Tucker conditions of the system optimum problem, we derive a computationally efficient method employing shadow prices. The proposed method for calculating the user equilibrium solution represents a computationally efficient alternative to discrete event simulation. Numerical results are presented for the performance comparison of the LSSR model with the user equilibrium and the system optimum load sharing factors in some example network topologies and traffic demands.