Object-oriented development in an industrial environment
OOPSLA '87 Conference proceedings on Object-oriented programming systems, languages and applications
The object advantage: business process reengineering with object technology
The object advantage: business process reengineering with object technology
The Unified Modeling Language user guide
The Unified Modeling Language user guide
The UML as a formal modeling notation
Computer Standards & Interfaces - Special issue on semantics in specifications
A Discipline of Programming
Refinement Calculus: A Systematic Introduction
Refinement Calculus: A Systematic Introduction
A Formal Approach to Use Cases and Their Relationships
«UML» '98 Selected papers from the First International Workshop on The Unified Modeling Language «UML»'98: Beyond the Notation
Formal Development and Validation of Java Dependable Distributed Systems
ICECCS '99 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems
Formalising UML Use Cases in the Refinement Calculus
Formalising UML Use Cases in the Refinement Calculus
Object-Oriented Software Engineering: A Use Case Driven Approach
Object-Oriented Software Engineering: A Use Case Driven Approach
Information Systems - The 13th international conference on advanced information systems engineering (CAiSE*01)
Components, Contracts, and Connectors for the Unified Modelling Language UML
FME '01 Proceedings of the International Symposium of Formal Methods Europe on Formal Methods for Increasing Software Productivity
Developing Control Systems Components
IFM '00 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Integrated Formal Methods
An Integrated Semantics for UML Class, Object and State Diagrams Based on Graph Transformation
IFM '02 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Integrated Formal Methods
Separating computation, coordination and configuration
Journal of Software Maintenance: Research and Practice - Special issue: Separation of concerns for software evolution
Dependency Relations between Models in the Unified Process
IWSSD '00 Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Software Specification and Design
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The Unified Modeling Language (UML) consists in a set of diagrams that describe a system under development. A use case diagram specifies the required functionality of the system, showing the collaboration among a set of actors that are to perform certain tasks. We complement the use case diagrams by providing formal documents (like specifications or programs), called contracts that regulate the behaviour of the actors involved. The contract is written in a language with a precise semantics and logic for reasoning - the refinement calculus - and thus it can be analysed. To express contracts we need to specify the problem domain of the system; we describe classes and UML class diagrams using also the refinement calculus. Thereby, we integrate the functional view of a system, described by the use case diagram with the object-oriented view for the same system, described by the class diagram.