Workload and the use of automatic speech recognition: the effects of time and resource demands
Speech Communication - Special issue on speech under stress
When do we interact multimodally?: cognitive load and multimodal communication patterns
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
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Natural multimodal dialogue systems: a configurable dialogue and presentation strategies component
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IHM '07 Proceedings of the 19th International Conference of the Association Francophone d'Interaction Homme-Machine
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This paper addresses workload evaluation in the framework of a multimodal application. Two multidimensional subjective workload rating instruments are compared. The goal is to analyze the diagnostics obtained on four implementations of an applicative task. In addition, an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) error was introduced in one of the two trials. Eighty subjects participated in the experiment. Half of them rated their subjective workload with NASA-TLX and the other half rated it with Workload Profile (WP) enriched with two stress-related scales. Discriminant and variance analyses revealed a better sensitivity with WP. The results obtained with this instrument led to hypotheses on the cognitive activities of the subjects during interaction. Furthermore, WP permitted us to classify two strategies offered for error recovery. We conclude that WP is more informative for the task tested. WP seems to be a better diagnostic instrument in multimodal system conception.