Harmony search algorithm for solving Sudoku

Authors:
Zong Woo Geem
Affiliations:
Johns Hopkins University, Environmental Planning and Management Program, Rockville, Maryland
Venue:
KES'07/WIRN'07 Proceedings of the 11th international conference, KES 2007 and XVII Italian workshop on neural networks conference on Knowledge-based intelligent information and engineering systems: Part I
Year:
2007

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Abstract

Harmony search (HS) algorithm was applied to solving Sudoku puzzle. The HS is an evolutionary algorithm which mimics musicians' behaviors such as random play, memory-based play, and pitch-adjusted play when they perform improvisation. Sudoku puzzles in this study were formulated as an optimization problem with number-uniqueness penalties. HS could successfully solve the optimization problem after 285 function evaluations, taking 9 seconds. Also, sensitivity analysis of HS parameters was performed to obtain a better idea of algorithm parameter values.