Wizard of Oz studies: why and how
IUI '93 Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Integration and synchronization of input modes during multimodal human-computer interaction
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
A Wizard of Oz platform for the study of multimodal systems
CHI '93 INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Ten myths of multimodal interaction
Communications of the ACM
Perceptual user interfaces: multimodal interfaces that process what comes naturally
Communications of the ACM
“Put-that-there”: Voice and gesture at the graphics interface
SIGGRAPH '80 Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Experimental evaluation of vision and speech based multimodal interfaces
Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on Perceptive user interfaces
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The use of Wizard of Oz (WOz) techniques for the acquisition of multimodal interaction patterns is common, but often relies on highly or fully simulated functionality. This paper suggests that a more operational WOz can benefit multimodal interaction research. The use of a hybrid system containing both fully-functional components and WOz-enabled components is an effective approach, especially for highly multi-modal systems, and collaterally, for cognitively loaded applications. The description of the requirements and resulting WOz set-up created for a user study in a traffic incident management application design is presented. We also discuss the impact of the ratio of simulated and operational parts of the system dictated by these requirements, in particular those related to multimodal interaction analysis.