Zero-Knowledge Watermark Detection and Proof of Ownership
IHW '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Information Hiding
Watermarking schemes provably secure against copy and ambiguity attacks
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM workshop on Digital rights management
Zero-knowledge watermark detection resistant to ambiguity attacks
MM&Sec '06 Proceedings of the 8th workshop on Multimedia and security
From weak to strong watermarking
TCC'07 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Theory of cryptography
On the possibility of non-invertible watermarking schemes
IH'04 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Information Hiding
Combatting Ambiguity Attacks via Selective Detection of Embedded Watermarks
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
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Digital watermarking, traditionally modeled as communication with side information, is generally considered to have important potential applications in various scenarios such as digital rights managements. However, the current literature mainly focuses on robustness, capacity and imperceptibility. There lacks systematic formal approach in tackling secure issues of watermarking. One one hand, the threat models in many previous works are not sufficiently established, which result in somewhat superficial or even flawed security analysis. On the other hand, there lacks a rigorous model for watermarking in general that allows useful analysis in practice. There has been some efforts in clearing the threat models and formulate rigorous watermarking models. However, there are also many other cases where security issues are lightly or incorrectly treated. In this paper, we survey various security notions and models in previous work, and discuss possible future research directions.