Introduction to Reinforcement Learning
Introduction to Reinforcement Learning
Multiagent Systems: A Survey from a Machine Learning Perspective
Autonomous Robots
Scalable Internal-State Policy-Gradient Methods for POMDPs
ICML '02 Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Conference on Machine Learning
Reinforcement Learning for 3 vs. 2 Keepaway
RoboCup 2000: Robot Soccer World Cup IV
Value-function approximations for partially observable Markov decision processes
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Infinite-horizon policy-gradient estimation
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Planning and acting in partially observable stochastic domains
Artificial Intelligence
ICANN/ICONIP'03 Proceedings of the 2003 joint international conference on Artificial neural networks and neural information processing
A Continuous Internal-State Controller for Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes
ICANN '08 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Artificial Neural Networks, Part I
A multi-agent reinforcement learning approach to robot soccer
Artificial Intelligence Review
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In this article, we apply a policy gradient-based reinforcement learning to allowing multiple agents to perform cooperative actions in a partially observable environment. We introduce an auxiliary state variable, an internal state, whose stochastic process is Markov, for extracting important features of multi-agent's dynamics. Computer simulations show that every agent can identify an appropriate internal state model and acquire a good policy; this approach is shown to be more effective than a traditional memory-based method.