Manipulation-resistant reputations using hitting time

  • Authors:
  • John Hopcroft;Daniel Sheldon

  • Affiliations:
  • Cornell University;Cornell University

  • Venue:
  • WAW'07 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Algorithms and models for the web-graph
  • Year:
  • 2007

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Abstract

Popular reputation systems for linked networks can be manipulated by spammers who strategically place links. The reputation of node v is interpreted as the world's opinion of v's importance. In PageRank [4], v's own opinion can be seen to have considerable influence on her reputation, where v expresses a high opinion of herself by participating in short directed cycles. In contrast, we show that expected hitting time -- the time to reach v in a random walk -- measures essentially the same quantity as PageRank, but excludes v's opinion. We make these notions precise, and show that a reputation system based on hitting time resists tampering by individuals or groups who strategically place outlinks. We also present an algorithm to efficiently compute hitting time for all nodes in a massive graph; conventional algorithms do not scale adequately.