Untraceable electronic mail, return addresses, and digital pseudonyms
Communications of the ACM
Dynamic Accumulators and Application to Efficient Revocation of Anonymous Credentials
CRYPTO '02 Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
CRYPTO '89 Proceedings of the 9th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Anonymous Connections and Onion Routing
SP '97 Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Quasi-efficient revocation of group signatures
FC'02 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Financial cryptography
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We propose an anonymous communication scheme using a multistage cryptographic anonymous proxy to make malicious users traceable. For the purpose of preventing illegal use of an anonymous channel, the proposed scheme can identify an illegal anonymous user or his accomplice who joins a conspiracy if a threshold number of third parties or more agrees on anonymity revocation. Expected applications of the proposed scheme include real-time web services over the Internet in which both user anonymity and preventing illegal use are desired such as anonymous bulletin board services, auctions, and peer-to-peer file exchange. Moreover, we implemented the proposed scheme to verify the degree of practicality. The implementation results include that the case for the received data of 100 KB from an HTTP request and a ten-stage relay for the anonymous proxy on an Intel Pentium 4 3.0 GHz PC took approximately 1 sec to receive, and the received data of 1 MB and a two-stage relay required 2 sec.