Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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A watermarking system for embedding textile care labels directly onto fabric designs is proposed, and its stochastic properties are analyzed. Under the assumption that pixel values are independently and identically distributed with finite mean and variance, we derive i) the expected mean squared error between the original and watermarked images (transparency); and ii) an upper bound on the average absolute change to DCT coefficients of the watermarked image after one application of simulated fading (robustness). Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme preserves image fidelity well and is very robust under simulated fading.