A case for redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID)
SIGMOD '88 Proceedings of the 1988 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Temporally determinate disk access (extended abstract): an experimental approach
SIGMETRICS '98/PERFORMANCE '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Can large disk built-in caches really improve system performance?
SIGMETRICS '02 Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Track-Aligned Extents: Matching Access Patterns to Disk Drive Characteristics
FAST '02 Proceedings of the Conference on File and Storage Technologies
Comparing disk and memory's resistance to operating system crashes
ISSRE '96 Proceedings of the The Seventh International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering
Micro-Benchmark Based Extraction of Local and Global Disk
Micro-Benchmark Based Extraction of Local and Global Disk
Modeling Hard-Disk Power Consumption
FAST '03 Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies
HDD characterization for A/V streaming applications
IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics
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In the last couple of years, hard-disk technology has experienced an unjustified progressive boost of the built-in cache size, affecting both the power consumption and the reliability of stored data. Large built-in caches offer limited benefits in terms of performance with respect to the smaller ones. Moreover, they need to be kept in write-through mode to preserve data in case of a power failure in mission-critical systems. This implies severe repercussions on the disk write performance, due to the role of the built-in cache itself, mainly acting as a write scheduler, rather than just a mere I/O buffer, as its ever increasing size would suggest. In this scenario, an exact hard-disk characterization can provide the upper layers enough information to compensate the performance loss produced by the write-through policy. File-systems and device-drivers can in fact obviate most of these issues via proper data layouts, depending on a detailed knowledge of the hard-disks geometry. This paper introduces the chunk skew layout, a novel data layout strategy targeted to improve the performance of commodity hard-disks in mission-critical systems. For this purpose we also analyze the differences in terms of geometry and performance in a batch of identical commodity hard-disks, discovering an unexpected and more complex scenario where most of the assumptions made so far on hard-disk technology do not hold anymore.