Reconstruction and representation of 3D objects with radial basis functions
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Vision-based control of 3D facial animation
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Spacetime faces: high resolution capture for modeling and animation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Automatic determination of facial muscle activations from sparse motion capture marker data
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
An interactive 3D video system for human facial reconstruction and expression modeling
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
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A complete system for creating the performance of a virtual character is described. Stereo web-cameras perform marker based motion capture to obtain rigid head motion and non-rigid facial expression motion. Acquired 3D points are then mapped onto a 3D face model with a virtual muscle animation to create face expressions. Muscle inverse kinematics updates muscle contraction parameters based on marker motion to create the character's performance. Advantages of the system are reduced character creation time by using virtual muscles and a dynamic skin model, a novel way of applying markers to a face animation system, and its low cost hardware requirements, capable of running on standard hardware and making it suitable for interactive media in end-user environments.