UPPAAL—a tool suite for automatic verification of real-time systems
Proceedings of the DIMACS/SYCON workshop on Hybrid systems III : verification and control: verification and control
GloMoSim: a library for parallel simulation of large-scale wireless networks
PADS '98 Proceedings of the twelfth workshop on Parallel and distributed simulation
On the accuracy of MANET simulators
Proceedings of the second ACM international workshop on Principles of mobile computing
OMNeT: Objective Modular Network Testbed
MASCOTS '93 Proceedings of the International Workshop on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation On Computer and Telecommunication Systems
PRISM: Probabilistic Symbolic Model Checker
TOOLS '02 Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Performance Evaluation, Modelling Techniques and Tools
An Efficient Well-Specified Check
PNPM '99 Proceedings of the The 8th International Workshop on Petri Nets and Performance Models
Synthesis and Stochastic Assessment of Schedules for Lacquer Production
QEST '04 Proceedings of the The Quantitative Evaluation of Systems, First International Conference
Proceedings of the conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe - Volume 1
From StoCharts to MoDeST: a comparative reliability analysis of train radio communications
Proceedings of the 5th international workshop on Software and performance
Are You Still There? " A Lightweight Algorithm to Monitor Node Presence in Self-Configuring Networks
DSN '05 Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks
Avrora: scalable sensor network simulation with precise timing
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
MODEST: A Compositional Modeling Formalism for Hard and Softly Timed Systems
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Accurate prediction of power consumption in sensor networks
EmNets '05 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors
Evaluating Complex MAC Protocols for Sensor Networks with APMC
Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS)
ISOLA '06 Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation
An Experimental Evaluation of Probabilistic Simulation
FORTE '08 Proceedings of the 28th IFIP WG 6.1 international conference on Formal Techniques for Networked and Distributed Systems
Future design challenges for electric energy supply
ETFA'09 Proceedings of the 14th IEEE international conference on Emerging technologies & factory automation
Analyzing energy consumption in a gossiping MAC protocol
MMB&DFT'10 Proceedings of the 15th international GI/ITG conference on Measurement, Modelling, and Evaluation of Computing Systems and Dependability and Fault Tolerance
A compositional modelling and analysis framework for stochastic hybrid systems
Formal Methods in System Design
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Wireless embedded sensor networks are predicted to provide attractive application possibilities in industry as well as at home. IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee are proposed as standards for such networks with a particular focus on pairing reliability with energy efficiency, while sacrificing high data rates. IEEE 802.15.4 is configurable in many aspects, including the synchronicity of the communication, and the periodicity in which battery-powered sensors need to wake up to communicate. This paper develops a formal behavioral model for the energy implications of these options. The model is modularly specified using the language MODEST, which has an operational semantics mapping on stochastic timed automata. The latter are simulated using a variant of discrete-event simulation implemented in the tool MÖBIUS. We obtain estimated energy consumptions of a number of possible communication scenarios in accordance with the standards, and derive conclusions about the energy-optimal configuration of such networks. As a specific fine point, we investigate the effects of drifting clocks on the energy behavior of various application scenarios.