Annotation schemes for verbal and non-verbal communication: some general issues

Authors:
Niels Ole Bernsen;Laila Dybkjær
Affiliations:
NISLab, Denmark;NISLab, Denmark
Venue:
COST 2102'07 Proceedings of the 2007 COST action 2102 international conference on Verbal and nonverbal communication behaviours
Year:
2007

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Abstract

During the past 5-10 years, increasing efforts have been put into annotation of verbal and non-verbal human-human and human-machine communication in order to better understand the complexities of multimodal communication and model them in computers. This has helped highlight the huge challenges which still confront annotators in this field, from conceptual confusion through lacking or immature coding schemes to inadequate coding tools. We discuss what is an annotation scheme, briefly review previous work on annotation schemes and tools, describe current trends, and discuss challenges ahead.