Smooth is better than sharp: a random mobility model for simulation of wireless networks
MSWIM '01 Proceedings of the 4th ACM international workshop on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
Wcdma for Umts
An empirical analysis of the IEEE 802.11 MAC layer handoff process
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
IEEE 802.21 enabled mobile terminals for optimized WLAN/3G handovers: a case study
ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review
Implementation and performance study of IEEE 802.21 in integrated IEEE 802.11/802.16e networks
Computer Communications
Mobility management for VoIP in 3G systems: evaluation of low-latency handoff schemes
IEEE Wireless Communications
An overview of IEEE 802.21: media-independent handover services
IEEE Wireless Communications
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Seamless vertical handover is a key requirement in heterogeneous wireless networks where different networks are integrated. In this paper, we introduce an enhanced information server (EIS) in the IEEE 802.21 media independent handover (MIH) architecture. We also propose an improved vertical handover procedure in which the wireless channel condition is estimated by exploiting spatial and temporal locality at the EIS. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can reduce the vertical handover latency by 13% by eliminating timeconsuming channel scanning procedure.