The foundations of program verification
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The C programming language
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Systematic software development using VDM (2nd ed.)
Systematic software development using VDM (2nd ed.)
Programming Language Constructs for Which It Is Impossible To Obtain Good Hoare Axiom Systems
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
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Journal of the ACM (JACM)
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ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)
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Communications of the ACM
POPL '77 Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN symposium on Principles of programming languages
Mathematical Theory of Program Correctness
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Java Language Specification, Second Edition: The Java Series
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The Java Language Specification
The Java Language Specification
Information and Computation - FOOL VII
The Vienna Development Method: The Meta-Language
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On the Most Recent Property of Algol-Like Programs
Proceedings of the 2nd Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming
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Zum Begriff der Modularität von Programmierungssprachen
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The roots of object orientation: the Simula language
Software pioneers
LISP 1.5 Programmer's Manual
The FORTRAN automatic coding system
IRE-AIEE-ACM '57 (Western) Papers presented at the February 26-28, 1957, western joint computer conference: Techniques for reliability
Remarks on turbo ASMs for functional equations and recursion schemes
ASM'03 Proceedings of the abstract state machines 10th international conference on Advances in theory and practice
The hidden computation steps of turbo abstract state machines
ASM'03 Proceedings of the abstract state machines 10th international conference on Advances in theory and practice
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Appearance of computing machines dates back to the 1940s and their corresponding scientific disciplines, computer science resp. informatics, have arisen in the 1960s. Nevertheless, fighting for appropriate programming and specification languages has not yet come to an end: The Java-programming language and the Abstract State Machines ASM are new and representative specimens which have arisen recently. These languages are even advancing and improving themselves: Original Java 1996, a flat language language without class nestings, towards more modern Java 2000 with nested classes, and Basic ASM resp. Evolving Algebras 1988/91 towards Turbo ASM 2003 where machines and rules show new features like naming, parameterizing, local states and recursive calls. These transitions inside Java resp. ASM remind at a much earlier transition from Fortran and Algol 58 to Algol 60 with its block concept and nested, parameterized, recursive and formal procedures. Aim of the present essay is to show that many of those new concepts incorporated in new Java and Turbo ASM were already available in Algol60.