Dead Reckoning-Based Update Scheduling against Message Loss for Improving Consistency in DVEs
PADS '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Workshop on Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation
DS-RT '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE/ACM 15th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications
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DS-RT '13 Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE/ACM 17th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications
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The fundamental goal of distributed virtual environments (DVEs) is to create a common and consistent presentation of the virtual world among a set of computers interconnected by a network. This paper investigates update scheduling algorithms to make efficient use of network capacity and improve consistency in DVEs. Our approach is to schedule state updates according to their potential impacts on consistency. In DVEs, the perceptions of participants are affected by both the spatial magnitude and temporal duration of inconsistency in the virtual world. Using the metric of time-space inconsistency, we analytically derive the optimal update schedules for minimizing the impact of inconsistency. Based on the analysis, we propose a number of scheduling algorithms that integrate spatial and temporal factors. These algorithms also take into consideration the effect of network delays. The algorithms can be used on top of many existing mechanisms such as dead reckoning. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithms significantly outperform the intuitive algorithms that are based on spatial or temporal factors only.