SmartBridge: a scalable bridge architecture
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication
STAR: a transparent spanning tree bridge protocol with alternate routing
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Traffic Engineering in Enterprise Ethernet with Multiple Spanning Tree Regions
ICW '05 Proceedings of the 2005 Systems Communications
Traffic Engineering for Metro Ethernet Based on Multiple Spanning Trees
ICNICONSMCL '06 Proceedings of the International Conference on Networking, International Conference on Systems and International Conference on Mobile Communications and Learning Technologies
Scalable Tree Optimization for QoS Ethernet
ISCC '06 Proceedings of the 11th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications
Floodless in seattle: a scalable ethernet architecture for large enterprises
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2008 conference on Data communication
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Ethernet is widely used in Local Area Networks (LANs) due to its simplicity and cost effectiveness. Today, a great deal of effort is being devoted to extending Ethernet capabilities in order to elevate it from a LAN technology to a ubiquitous networking technology, suitable for deployment in Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs) and even in core, Wide Area Networks (WANs). Current standardized Ethernet networks are based on a spanning tree topology, using the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) or Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP). The spanning tree architecture is useful for avoiding forwarding loops, but may lead to low link utilization and long failure recovery time. In this paper we propose to shift from tree to Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) topologies and offer a new bridged Ethernet architecture called Orient. Orient is based on assigning an orientation state to each port in the network in order to prevent loops. Thus, the Orient architecture enables a full utilization of all network links and ports, while maintaining simplicity of implementation and compliance with the standardized spanning tree protocols.