On deriving the upper bound of α-lifetime for large sensor networks
Proceedings of the 5th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
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A number of important characteristics of wireless sensor networks such as the lifetime, connectivity and coverage are determined the residual power levels of the nodes in the network. This paper presents a general framework for modeling the availability of power at sensor nodes as a function of time. Models are developed for sensors with and without battery recharging and expressions are derived for the network lifetime as well as the distribution and moments of random variables describing the number of sensors with different levels of residual energy as a function of time. Finally, the effect of the packet arrival rates and a sensor's geographical location are modeled.