Attacks on Steganographic Systems
IH '99 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Information Hiding
IHW '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Information Hiding
An improvement of EMD embedding method for large payloads by pixel segmentation strategy
Image and Vision Computing
Modified matrix encoding technique for minimal distortion steganography
IH'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Information hiding
Data embedding in image-media using weight-function on modulo operations
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS) - Special issue on embedded systems for interactive multimedia services (ES-IMS)
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The original exploiting modification direction (EMD) method proposed by Zhang and Wang is a novel data hiding technique which can achieve large embedding capacity with less distortion. The original EMD method can hide (2n+1)-ary numbers by modifying at most one least-significant bit (LSB) of n pixel values. The proposed methods in this paper, 2-EMD and EMD-2, modify at most two pixels of the LSB values. Efficiency of the proposed methods is shown theoretically and through experiments. The 2-EMD and EMD-2 can hide even larger numbers than the EMD with similar distortion under the same conditions. This paper shows that the EMD-2 is much better than the EMD, and slightly better than 2-EMD when n is 3, 4 and 5. The way to generate basis vector can be used for the generalization of the n-EMD and EMD-n where n1.