GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Efficient geographic routing in multihop wireless networks
Proceedings of the 6th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
Robust cooperative routing protocol in mobile wireless sensor networks
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications - Part 2
BLR: beacon-less routing algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks
Computer Communications
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Cooperative forwarding has been considered as an effective strategy for improving the geographic routing performance in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, we observe that existing works do not fully utilize the forwarding opportunities provided by available neighboring nodes. In this paper, we redesign the cooperative forwarding process and present a novel cooperative contention-based forwarding (CCBF) protocol for WSNs. CCBF extends the scope of cooperation and attains the full potential of cooperative forwarding at the expense of sending one additional control message on demand. We conduct extensive simulations to study the performance of the proposed CCBF compared with existing protocols. Simulation results demonstrate that CCBF decreases the end-to-end hop counts, hence, further improves the end-to-end energy efficiency and latency. Remarkably, it provides up to 50% improvement for the packet loss ratio when the retransmission mechanism is not adopted.