Spectral efficiency of CDMA with random spreading
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
How much training is needed in multiple-antenna wireless links?
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
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In this paper, performance analysis of the decision directed (DD) maximum likelihood (ML) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) channel tracking algorithm is presented. The ML channel tracking algorithm presents efficient performance especially in the DD mode of the operation. Because of the nonlinear decision device, analysis of the DD based algorithms is very difficult. In this paper, first the decision error rate is computed for the known channel tracking error and then the channel tracking error is evaluated for the known decision error rate. The presented analysis is compared with the simulation results for different Doppler frequency shifts and SNRs, and it is shown that the analysis and simulation results are in a good match even for high rank MIMO channels and high Doppler shifts.