Application of splay trees to data compression
Communications of the ACM
Vector quantization and signal compression
Vector quantization and signal compression
Methods for encrypting and decrypting MPEG video data efficiently
MULTIMEDIA '96 Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on Multimedia
A fast MPEG video encryption algorithm
MULTIMEDIA '98 Proceedings of the sixth ACM international conference on Multimedia
Selective encryption of visual data
Proceedings of the IFIP TC6/TC11 Sixth Joint Working Conference on Communications and Multimedia Security: Advanced Communications and Multimedia Security
Resisting the Bergen-Hogan Attack on Adaptive Arithmetic Coding
Proceedings of the 6th IMA International Conference on Cryptography and Coding
Motion Vector Encryption in Multimedia Streaming
MMM '04 Proceedings of the 10th International Multimedia Modelling Conference
A Selective Video Encryption Scheme for MPEG Compression Standard
IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences
Efficient selective encryption for JPEG 2000 images using private initial table
Pattern Recognition
Partial encryption of compressed images and videos
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Efficient frequency domain selective scrambling of digital video
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Selective encryption for consumer applications
IEEE Communications Magazine
Lossless compression of VQ index with search-order coding
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
A virtual image cryptosystem based upon vector quantization
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
A new, fast, and efficient image codec based on set partitioning in hierarchical trees
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
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The foremost issues with most of the existing selective encryption (SE) schemes of images are vulnerability to cryptographic and application specific attacks, reduction in the compression performance, insubstantial computational savings relative to full encryption, and lack of bit stream compliance. This paper is the first one that proposes effective schemes for joint vector quantization (VQ) based image compression and SE. We introduce an image adaptive VQ index compression algorithm suitable for SE, effectively combining remapping of indices, entropy, predictive, differential, and search order coding. We then present SE through codebook pseudorandom shuffling and block ciphering of the VQ index image bit-planes, index usage map, prediction information tables and full indices. Experimentally, the results demonstrate the improved performance and effectiveness of the proposed schemes.