Feature extraction from faces using deformable templates
International Journal of Computer Vision
An iterative image registration technique with an application to stereo vision
IJCAI'81 Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Nonlinear color space and spatiotemporal MRF for hierarchical segmentation of face features in video
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Accurate and quasi-automatic lip tracking
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
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The first step in lip-reading applications is mouth contour extraction to provide a link between the lip shape and the oral message. In our approach, lip contours are detected in the first image with the two algorithms developed in [1] and [2] for static images. On subsequent images of the sequence, several key points (mouth corners, inner and outer middle contour points) are tracked with the Lucas-Kanade method to define an initial parametric lip model of the mouth. According to a combined luminance and chrominance gradient, the model is optimized and precisely locked on to the lip contours. The algorithm performances are evaluated with respect to a lip-reading application.