Double embedding in the quantization index modulation framework

Authors:
A. Sarkar;B. S. Manjunath
Affiliations:
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA;Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA
Venue:
ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
Year:
2009

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Abstract

Quantization index modulation (QIM) is a commonly used data hiding technique where a single bit is embedded per coefficient. Here, we propose the use of double embedding in the QIM framework where a single coefficient is modified twice, using two quantizers, to embed two bits. The motivation behind substituting single embedding with double embedding in the QIM framework for a certain steganographic scheme is to increase its hiding rate without significantly increasing the embedding distortion and the stego scheme's detectability against steganalysis. We empirically determine the best way to couple the double embedding framework with a repeat accumulate code based error correction scheme. For moderate noise levels, the use of double embedding is seen to be significantly advantageous over single embedding.