Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints
International Journal of Computer Vision
Geometric Attacks on Image Watermarking Systems
IEEE MultiMedia
Seam carving for content-aware image resizing
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Image watermarking based on invariant regions of scale-space representation
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Watermark embedding: hiding a signal within a cover image
IEEE Communications Magazine
Rotation, scale, and translation resilient watermarking for images
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Geometrically invariant watermarking using feature points
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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This paper presents an object-based non-blind watermarking technique that is robust to non-linear geometrical distortion attacks. This has been one of the most challenging problems for copyright protection of digital content because it is difficult to estimate the distortion parameters for the embedded blocks. In our proposed scheme, the locations used to embed the watermark information are memorized and detected robustly by using relative coordinates with respect to the scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) feature points. Experimental results with 64-bit watermark embedding demonstrated that the watermark detection performance was improved from 57% to 82% on average, even after nonlinear geometrical attacks such as waving, imploding, swirling, and seam carving.