Intelligent assistants for handicapped people's independence: case study
IJSIS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE International Joint Symposia on Intelligence and Systems
Design and development of an indoor navigation and object identification system for the blind
Assets '04 Proceedings of the 6th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
A Tool for Range Sensing and Environment Discovery for the Blind
CVPRW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (CVPRW'04) Volume 3 - Volume 03
CyARM: an alternative aid device for blind persons
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A wearable system for mobility improvement of visually impaired people
The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics
Fuzzy image processing scheme for autonomous navigation of human blind
Applied Soft Computing
Mobility interfaces for the visually impaired: what's missing?
Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGCHI New Zealand chapter's international conference on Computer-human interaction: design centered HCI
Preserving visual information in low resolution images during navigation of visually impaired
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments
The GuideCane-applying mobile robot technologies to assist thevisually impaired
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
Assistive text reading from complex background for blind persons
CBDAR'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Camera-Based Document Analysis and Recognition
Designing a virtual environment to evaluate multimodal sensors for assisting the visually impaired
ICCHP'12 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs - Volume Part II
A segmentation-based stereovision approach for assisting visually impaired people
ICCHP'12 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs - Volume Part II
KinDectect: kinect detecting objects
ICCHP'12 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs - Volume Part II
International Journal of Handheld Computing Research
A wearable navigation system for visually impaired users
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Rehabilitation Engineering & Assistive Technology
I-Ball: a programmable sporting aid for children with a visual impairment to play soccer
UAHCI'13 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction: design methods, tools, and interaction techniques for eInclusion - Volume Part I
Overview of auditory representations in human-machine interfaces
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
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The last decades a variety of portable or wearable navigation systems have been developed to assist visually impaired people during navigation in known or unknown, indoor or outdoor environments. There are three main categories of these systems: Electronic travel aids (ETAs), electronic orientation aids (EOAs), and position locator devices (PLDs). This paper presents a comparative survey among portable/wearable obstacle detection/ avoidance systems (a subcategory of ETAs) in an effort to inform the research community and users about the capabilities of these systems and about the progress in assistive technology for visually impaired people. The survey is based on various features and performance parameters of the systems that classify them in categories, giving qualitative-quantitative measures. Finally, it offers a ranking, which will serve only as a reference point and not as a critique on these systems.