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ACM SIGMOD Record
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CT '97 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Cognitive Technology (CT '97)
Empirical Modelling of Requirements
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Programming Principles for the Semantics of the Semantics of Programs
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Software Construction Using Definitions: an Illustrative Example
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Variables in Mathematics and Computer Science
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Modelling State in Mind and Machine
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Worlds Before and Beyond Words
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IJCAI'91 Proceedings of the 12th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
A new paradigm for computer-based decision support
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CT '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Cognitive Technology: Instruments of Mind
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This paper proposes Empirical Modelling (EM) as a possible foundation for AI research outside the logicist framework. EM offers principles for constructing physical models, typically computer-based, by construing experience in terms of three fundamental concepts: observables, dependency and agency. EM is discussed in the context of critiques of logicism drawn from a variety of sources, with particular reference to the five foundational issues raised by Kirsh in his paper Foundations of AI: the Big Issues (AI, 47:3-30, 1991), William James's Essays on Radical Empiricism (Bison Books, 1996), and the controversy surrounding formal definitions for primitive concepts such as metaphor and agent that are recognised as fundamental for AI. EM principles are motivated and illustrated with reference to a historic railway accident that occurred at the Clayton Tunnel in 1861. The principal thesis of the paper is that logicist and non-logicist approaches to AI presume radically different ontologies. Specifically, EM points to a fundamental framework for AI in which experimentally guided construction of physical artefacts is the primary mode of knowledge representation. In this context, propositional knowledge is associated with phenomena that are perceived as circumscribed and reliable from an objective 'third-person' perspective. The essential need to incorporate subjective 'first-person' elements in an account of AI, and the role that commitment plays in attaching an objective meaning to phenomena, are seen to preclude a hybrid approach to AI in the conventional sense.