Spreading sequence design and theoretical limits for quasisynchronous CDMA systems
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking - Special issue on innovative signal transmission and detection techniques for next generation cellular CDMA systems
Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing
Note: Cyclically permutable representations of cyclic codes
Discrete Applied Mathematics
Spreading codes for direct sequence CDMA and wideband CDMA cellular networks
IEEE Communications Magazine
Design of spreading codes for quasi-synchronous CDMA with intercell interference
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
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The use of spreading codes with a zero correlation zone or a low correlation zone can reduce multiple access interference in code-division multiple-access (CDMA) radio systems. However, problems can arise from the limited number of codewords. In this paper it is shown that this shortage of codewords can be mitigated by a combination of two approaches. Existing constructions of binary and ternary codes for quasisynchronous CDMA are modified to double the number of spreading codewords. Increases in correlation are restricted to certain codeword pairs. A metaheuristic algorithm inspired by those used in frequency assignment is then used to assign these codewords. This is done in such a way that a satisfactory signal-to-interference ratio across the network is obtained. Excellent results are reported for several networks. Interference is lower than when a Gold code is used as a scrambling code. Bit-error-rate improvements are quantified in the case that binary phase shift keying is used.