Constructing a Balanced, (log(N)/loglog(N))-Diameter Super-Peer Topology for Scalable P2P Systems
P2P '04 Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing
Measuring robustness of superpeer topologies
Proceedings of the twenty-sixth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Analyzing the vulnerability of superpeer networks against attack
Proceedings of the 14th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Surework: a super-peer reputation framework for p2p networks
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Applied computing
Super-Peer Selection in Peer-to-Peer Networks Using Network Coordinates
ICIW '08 Proceedings of the 2008 Third International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services
Bootstrapping of Peer-to-Peer Networks
SAINT '08 Proceedings of the 2008 International Symposium on Applications and the Internet
Proximity-aware superpeer overlay topologies
SelfMan'06 Proceedings of the Second IEEE international conference on Self-Managed Networks, Systems, and Services
A statistical study of today’s gnutella
APWeb'06 Proceedings of the 8th Asia-Pacific Web conference on Frontiers of WWW Research and Development
Building low-diameter peer-to-peer networks
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
A generic, self-organizing, and distributed bootstrap service for peer-to-peer networks
IWSOS'07 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Self-Organizing Systems
Brief announcement: superpeer formation amidst churn and rewiring
Proceedings of the 29th ACM SIGACT-SIGOPS symposium on Principles of distributed computing
The effects of restrictions on number of connections in OSNs: a case-study on twitter
WOSN'10 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Online social networks
Assessing the effects of a soft cut-off in the twitter social network
NETWORKING'11 Proceedings of the 10th international IFIP TC 6 conference on Networking - Volume Part II
Effects of a soft cut-off on node-degree in the Twitter social network
Computer Communications
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In this paper, we develop an analytical framework which explains the emergence of superpeer networks on execution of the commercial peer-to-peer bootstrapping protocols by incoming nodes. Bootstrapping protocols exploit physical properties of the online peers like resource content, processing power, storage space, connectivity etc as well as take the finiteness of bandwidth of each online peer into consideration. With the help of rate equations, we show that execution of these protocols results in the emergence of superpeer nodes in the network - the exact degree distribution is evaluated. We validate the framework developed in this paper through extensive simulation. The analysis of the results shows that the amount of superpeers produced in the network depends on the protocol as well as the properties of the joining nodes. Interestingly, our analysis reveals that increase in the amount of resource and the number of resourceful nodes do not always help to increase the fraction of superpeer nodes in the network. The impact of the frequent leaving of the peers on the topology of the emerging network is also evaluated. As an application study, we show that our framework can explain the topological configuration of commercial Gnutella networks. The developed model can almost perfectly match the degree distribution of Gnutella network.