Privacy amplification by public discussion
SIAM Journal on Computing - Special issue on cryptography
Secret-key reconciliation by public discussion
EUROCRYPT '93 Workshop on the theory and application of cryptographic techniques on Advances in cryptology
Polynomial-Time Algorithms for Prime Factorization and Discrete Logarithms on a Quantum Computer
SIAM Journal on Computing
Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice
Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice
Robust key generation from signal envelopes in wireless networks
Proceedings of the 14th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Radio-telepathy: extracting a secret key from an unauthenticated wireless channel
Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Distributed source coding using syndromes (DISCUS): design and construction
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Secret-key agreement over unauthenticated public channels .I. Definitions and a completeness result
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Wireless Information-Theoretic Security
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
A stochastic MIMO radio channel model with experimental validation
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Non-cryptographic authentication and identification in wireless networks
IEEE Wireless Communications
AmbiSec: securing smart spaces using entropy harvesting
AmI'10 Proceedings of the First international joint conference on Ambient intelligence
Limitations of generating a secret key using wireless fading under active adversary
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Multi-user wireless channel probing for shared key generation with a fuzzy controller
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
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Generating a secret key between two parties by extracting the shared randomness in the wireless fading channel is an emerging area of research. Previous works focus mainly on single-antenna systems. Multiple-antenna devices have the potential to provide more randomness for key generation than single-antenna ones. However, the performance of key generation using multiple-antenna devices in a real environment remains unknown. Different from the previous theoretical work on multiple-antenna key generation, we propose and implement a shared secret key generation protocol, Multiple-Antenna KEy generator (MAKE) using off-the-shelf 802.11n multiple-antenna devices. We also conduct extensive experiments and analysis in real indoor and outdoor mobile environments. Using the shared randomness extracted from measured Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) to generate keys, our experimental results show that using laptops with three antennas, MAKE can increase the bit generation rate by more than four times over single-antenna systems. Our experiments validate the effectiveness of using multi-level quantization when there is enough mutual information in the channel. Our results also show the trade-off between bit generation rate and bit agreement ratio when using multi-level quantization. We further find that even if an eavesdropper has multiple antennas, she cannot gain much more information about the legitimate channel.