Matrix analysis
Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A
Minimum energy paths for reliable communication in multi-hop wireless networks
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing
WMCSA '99 Proceedings of the Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computer Systems and Applications
A high-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing
Proceedings of the 9th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Maximum lifetime routing in wireless sensor networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
ExOR: opportunistic multi-hop routing for wireless networks
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Trading structure for randomness in wireless opportunistic routing
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Random walk based routing protocol for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Performance evaluation methodologies and tools
Robust connectivity-aware energy-efficient routing for wireless sensor networks
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Modeling and comparison of candidate selection algorithms in opportunistic routing
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Analysis of latency of stateless opportunistic forwarding in intermittently connected networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Proceedings of the sixth ACM international conference on Web search and data mining
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
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In this paper we develop a unified theoretical framework for estimating various transmission costs of packet forwarding in wireless networks. Our framework can be applied to the three routing paradigms-best path routing, opportunistic routing, and stateless routing-to which nearly all existing routing protocols belong.We illustrate how packet forwarding under each paradigm can be modeled as random walks on directed graphs (digraphs). By generalizing the theory of random walks that has primarily been developed for undirected graphs to digraphs, we show how various transmission costs can be formulated in terms of hitting times and hitting costs of random walks on digraphs. As representative examples, we apply the theory to three specific routing protocols, one under each paradigm. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed digraph based analytical model can achieve more accurate transmission cost estimation over existing methods.