Probability, statistics, and queueing theory with computer science applications
Probability, statistics, and queueing theory with computer science applications
Quality-adaptive media streaming by priority drop
NOSSDAV '03 Proceedings of the 13th international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video
Efficient TCP over networks with wireless links
HOTOS '95 Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS-V)
Throughput Measurement for UDP Traffic in an IEEE 802.11g WLAN
SNPD-SAWN '05 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing and First ACIS International Workshop on Self-Assembling Wireless Networks
Adaptive Scheduling of MPEG Video Frames during Real-Time Wireless Video Streaming
WOWMOM '05 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Symposium on World of Wireless Mobile and Multimedia Networks
Rate-distortion optimized frame dropping for multiuser streaming and conversational videos
Advances in Multimedia
MM '08 Proceedings of the 16th ACM international conference on Multimedia
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In practice, video streaming over wireless network through home gllteways requires bandwidth adaptation methods to deal with the fluctuation bandwidth the network. A popular method to compensate for temporary insufficient data throughput is dropping of B-frames. However, this method cannot be applied for encrypted commercial content, because frame types cannot be identified due to encryption of frame headers. Dropping I-frames or P-frames is not an option, because the video quality would drop dramatically. We developed a new approach using a sliding window to estimate the types of frames in an encrypted video stream. We validate the approach with probability calculations and extensive testing to demonstrate feasibility. Based on a large set of video sequences, our proposed algorithm drops the right frames in 99.99% of the cases.