Digital image processing
An integrated hardware/software approach for run-time scratchpad management
Proceedings of the 41st annual Design Automation Conference
Stream Register Files with Indexed Access
HPCA '04 Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture
Journal of Signal Processing Systems
Feasibility analysis of ultra high frame rate visual servoing on FPGA and SIMD processor
ACIVS'11 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Advanced concepts for intelligent vision systems
Misleading energy and performance claims in sub/near threshold digital systems
Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
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This paper presents Xetal-Pro SIMD processor, which is based on Xetal-II, one of the most computational-efficient (in terms of GOPS/Watt) processors available today. Xetal-Pro supports ultra wide VDD scaling from nominal supply to the sub-threshold region. Although aggressive VDD scaling causes severe throughput degradation, this can be compensated by the nature of massive parallelism in the Xetal family. The predecessor of Xetal-Pro, Xetal-II, includes a large on-chip frame memory (FM), which cannot operate reliably at ultra low voltage. Therefore we investigate both different FM realizations and memory organization alternatives. We propose a hybrid memory architecture which reduces the non-local memory traffic and enables further VDD scaling. Compared to Xetal-II operating at nominal voltage, we could gain more than 10x energy reduction while still delivering a sufficiently high throughput of 0.69 GOPS (counting multiply and add operations only). This work gives a new insight to the design of ultra-low energy SIMD processors, which are suitable for portable streaming applications.