Three-Dimensional Shape Analysis Using Moments and Fourier Descriptors
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Image reconstruction from a complete set of similarity invariants extracted from complex moments
Pattern Recognition Letters
Robust multi-logo watermarking by RDWT and ICA
Signal Processing - Fractional calculus applications in signals and systems
Novel robust image watermarking using difference correlation detector
Computer Standards & Interfaces
A survey of RST invariant image watermarking algorithms
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Independent component analysis applied to digital image watermarking
ICASSP '01 Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 03
Invariant Content-Based Image Retrieval Using a Complete Set of Fourier-Mellin Descriptors
ICMCS '99 Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems - Volume 02
Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Rotation, scale, and translation resilient watermarking for images
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Geometric Invariance in image watermarking
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Digital watermarking robust to geometric distortions
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Invariant image watermark using Zernike moments
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
A new SVM-based image watermarking using Gaussian-Hermite moments
Applied Soft Computing
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
Journal of Systems and Software
A robust zero-watermarking scheme using Canny edge detector
International Journal of Electronic Security and Digital Forensics
A high capacity image adaptive watermarking scheme with radial harmonic Fourier moments
Digital Signal Processing
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
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Many digital image watermarking techniques are sensitive to geometric distortions. These distortions can destroy the synchronization between the watermark and the watermarked image to make it difficult or even impossible to detect and extract the embedded watermark. In this paper, we first present an approach of rotation, scaling, and translation (RST) invariant analysis for images. This approach achieves a set of completely invariant descriptors from the complex moments of the original image's Radon projection. Then, we propose a watermarking scheme which can resist global geometric transforms. Watermark embedding is performed in discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain of the original image. The watermarking detection is as simple as computing a set of the proposed invariant features to illuminate the robustness problem under geometric image manipulations. In the extraction scheme, we first estimate the geometric distortion factors by using moments of watermarked image. With these estimated factors, the geometrically transformed image can be converted back into its original position, size and shape, to recover the lost synchronization for watermarking extraction. We systematically evaluate the proposed method using several experiments. The results demonstrate that the embedded watermark has a good robustness to not only the translation, rotation, scaling and aspect ratio changes, but also some common image processing operations such as additive noise and etc. Experiments also indicate that the proposed watermarking scheme has advantages over the other similar ones in detection and extraction aspects, and exhibits the capability in the image authentication and the copyright protection.