WordNet: a lexical database for English
Communications of the ACM
Fluid annotations in an open world
Proceedings of the 12th ACM conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia
Labeling images with a computer game
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Word sense disambiguation: A survey
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Enhancing reliability using peer consistency evaluation in human computation
Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Pick-a-crowd: tell me what you like, and i'll tell you what to do
Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on World Wide Web
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One formidable problem in language technology is the word sense disambiguation (WSD) problem: disambiguating the true sense of a word as it occurs in a sentence (e.g., recognizing whether the word "bank" refers to a river bank or to a financial institution). This paper explores a strategy for harnessing the linguistic abilities of human beings to develop datasets that can be used to train machine learning algorithms for WSD. To create such datasets, we introduce a new interactive system: a fun game designed to produce valuable output by engaging human players in what they perceive to be a cooperative task of guessing the same word as another player. Our system makes a valuable contribution by tackling the knowledge acquisition bottleneck in the WSD problem domain. Rather than using conventional and costly techniques of paying lexicographers to generate training data for machine learning algorithms, we delegate the work to people who are looking to be entertained.