Digital watermarking
Fast Robust Template Matching for Affine Resistant Image Watermarks
IH '99 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Information Hiding
Object Recognition from Local Scale-Invariant Features
ICCV '99 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision-Volume 2 - Volume 2
Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints
International Journal of Computer Vision
A survey of RST invariant image watermarking algorithms
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Image Analysis Using Hahn Moments
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A local Tchebichef moments-based robust image watermarking
Signal Processing
Feature based robust watermarking using image normalization
Computers and Electrical Engineering
Image analysis by discrete orthogonal hahn moments
ICIAR'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Image Analysis and Recognition
Image watermarking based on invariant regions of scale-space representation
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Robust template matching for affine resistant image watermarks
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Image analysis by Tchebichef moments
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Image analysis by Krawtchouk moments
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Geometric Invariance in image watermarking
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Invariant image watermark using Zernike moments
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
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Many proposed image watermarking techniques are sensitive to geometric attacks, such as rotation, scaling, translation, or their composites. Even slight geometric distortions can also disable the watermark detector to reliably perform its function. In this paper, we utilize the robust invariant image features and discrete Hahn image moments to design a robust watermarking system that can withstand many geometric-distortions as well as survive a variety of common watermark attacks. Scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) based bounding boxes and discrete orthogonal Hahn moment-invariants are used to embed watermark information into the selective image patches. Hahn moment-invariants are utilized for watermarking purpose because they are invariant to rotation, scaling, and translation. Watermark detection is performed by synchronizing the SIFT points and then computing the RMS threshold value between the original and the watermarked images. Several tests are performed to check the robustness of the proposed method. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the scheme as well as prove that the proposed method is robust to several geometric attacks.