Reasoning about knowledge
Rational Coordination in Multi-Agent Environments
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
Games with Incomplete Information Played by "Bayesian" Players, I-III
Management Science
Modeling how humans reason about others with partial information
Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems - Volume 1
A framework for sequential planning in multi-agent settings
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Generalized and bounded policy iteration for finitely-nested interactive POMDPs: scaling up
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 2
Modeling deep strategic reasoning by humans in competitive games
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 3
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Recursive reasoning of the form what do I think that you think that I think (and so on) arises often while acting rationally in multiagent settings. Several multiagent decision-making frameworks such as RMM, I-POMDP and the theory of mind model recursive reasoning as integral to an agent's rational choice. Real-world application settings for multiagent decision making are often mixed involving humans and human-controlled agents. In two large experiments, we studied the level of recursive reasoning generally displayed by humans while playing sequential general-sum and filed-sum, two-player games. Our results show that subjects experiencing a general-sum strategic game display first or second level of recursive thinking with the first level being more prominent. However, if the game is made simpler and more competitive with filed-sum payoffs, subjects predominantly attributed first-level recursive thinking to opponents thereby acting using second level of reasoning. Subsequently, we model the behavioral data obtained from the studies using the I-POMDP framework, appropriately augmented using well-known human judgment and decision models. Accuracy of the predictions by our models suggest that these could be viable ways for computationally modeling strategic behavioral data.