Physical layer driven protocol and algorithm design for energy-efficient wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
GHT: a geographic hash table for data-centric storage
WSNA '02 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Wireless sensor networks and applications
Directed diffusion for wireless sensor networking
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
New Distributed Algorithm for Connected Dominating Set in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
HICSS '02 Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'02)-Volume 9 - Volume 9
Impact of Network Density on Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks
ICDCS '02 Proceedings of the 22 nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS'02)
Trajectory based forwarding and its applications
Proceedings of the 9th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Minimal and maximal exposure path algorithms for wireless embedded sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Spatiotemporal multicast in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Poster abstract: serial data aggregation using space-filling curves in wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Combs, needles, haystacks: balancing push and pull for discovery in large-scale sensor networks
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Simulating the power consumption of large-scale sensor network applications
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
RandomWalk Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks
PDCAT '05 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing Applications and Technologies
SmartGossip: an improved randomized broadcast protocol for sensor networks
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Cross-Layer Design and Optimization forWireless Sensor Networks
SNPD-SAWN '06 Proceedings of the Seventh ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Wireless sensor network localization techniques
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Accurate prediction of power consumption in sensor networks
EmNets '05 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors
Controlled flooding search in a large network
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
A scalable quorum-based location service in ad hoc and sensor networks
International Journal of Communication Networks and Distributed Systems
Construction algorithms for k-connected m-dominating sets in wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 9th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
On asymptotically optimal routing in large wireless networks and Geometrical Optics analogy
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
HexNet: Hexagon-based localization technique for wireless sensor networks
PERCOM '09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications
Range-Free Localization Using Expected Hop Progress in Wireless Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Scaling laws for data-centric storage and querying in wireless sensor networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
IEEE Communications Magazine
Energy efficient and low latency biased walk techniques for search in wireless sensor networks
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
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Expanding Ring Search (ERS) is a prominent technique used for information discovery in multi-hop networks where the initiator of the search is unaware of any of the @c locations of the target information. ERS reduces the overhead of the search by successively searching for a larger number of hops starting from the location of search initiator. Even though ERS reduces the overhead of the search compared to flooding, it still incurs a very high cost which makes it unsuitable especially for energy constrained networks like Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Moreover, the cost of search (number of transmitted bytes) using ERS increases with node density, which limits its scalability in densely deployed WSNs. In this paper, we apply the principles of area coverage to ERS and propose a new protocol called Coverage based Expanding Ring Search (CERS) for energy efficient and scalable search in WSNs. CERS is configurable in terms of energy-latency trade-off which enables it applicable to varied application scenarios. The basic principle of CERS is to route the search packet along a set of ring based trajectories that minimizes the number of messages transmitted to find the target information. The transmissions are performed such that only a subset of total sensor nodes transmit the search packet to cover the entire terrain area while others listen. We believe that query resolution based on the principles of area coverage provides a new dimension for conquering the scale of dense WSNs. We compare CERS with existing query resolution techniques for unknown target location such as ERS, Random walk search, and Gossip search. We prove by both analysis and simulation that CERS is highly scalable, the cost of search is independent of node density, the energy consumed is much lower than that of the existing search techniques, and CERS always finds the nearest replica of the target information under high node density.