An evaluation of pixel-based methods for the detection of floating objects on the sea surface

Authors:
Alexander Borghgraef;Olivier Barnich;Fabian Lapierre;Marc Van Droogenbroeck;Wilfried Philips;Marc Acheroy
Affiliations:
Department CISS, Signal and Image Centre, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium;Montefiore Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium;Department CISS, Signal and Image Centre, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium;Montefiore Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium;Department Telin, IPI, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;Department CISS, Signal and Image Centre, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium
Venue:
EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing - Special issue on advances in signal processing for maritime applications
Year:
2010

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Abstract

Ship-based automatic detection of small floating objects on an agitated sea surface remains a hard problem. Our main concern is the detection of floating mines, which proved a real threat to shipping in confined waterways during the first Gulf War, but applications include salvaging, search-and-rescue operation, perimeter, or harbour defense. Detection in infrared (IR) is challenging because a rough sea is seen as a dynamic background of moving objects with size order, shape, and temperature similar to those of the floating mine. In this paper we have applied a selection of background subtraction algorithms to the problem, and we show that the recent algorithms such as ViBe and behaviour subtraction, which take into account spatial and temporal correlations within the dynamic scene, significantly outperform the more conventional parametric techniques, with only little prior assumptions about the physical properties of the scene.