Biometrical fingerprint recognition: don't get your fingers burned
Proceedings of the fourth working conference on smart card research and advanced applications on Smart card research and advanced applications
An Analysis of Minutiae Matching Strength
AVBPA '01 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication
Handbook of Fingerprint Recognition
Handbook of Fingerprint Recognition
Biometrics
Liveness Detection for Fingerprint Scanners Based on the Statistics of Wavelet Signal Processing
CVPRW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop
Liveness detection of fingerprint based on band-selective Fourier spectrum
ICISC'07 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Information security and cryptology
Fake finger detection using the fractional Fourier transform
BioID_MultiComm'09 Proceedings of the 2009 joint COST 2101 and 2102 international conference on Biometric ID management and multimodal communication
Fake fingerprint detection by odor analysis
ICB'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Advances in Biometrics
Time-series detection of perspiration as a liveness test in fingerprint devices
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews
An introduction to biometric recognition
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Fake finger detection by finger color change analysis
ICB'07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Advances in Biometrics
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The fingerprint liveness detection refers to the inspection of the finger characteristics to ensure whether the input finger is live or artificial. A number of fingerprint identification systems are used widely and implemented at various important places such as border and immigration services. However, it is not declared by the manufacturers of these systems whether liveness detection is actually implemented. Possible measures to detect liveness are only proposed in patents and published literature. There are three major schemes, which are reported in fingerprint liveness literature. These coupled with the additional hardware, software, or combination of fingerprint with other identifications is aimed to verify the liveness in submitted fingerprints. The hardware-based methods use auxiliary sensors to detect the biological and physiological measurements from finger, whereas software-based methods utilize changes in physical properties that take place in early stages of pressing the finger. In this paper, various fingerprint liveness detection methods, which are categorized as voluntary and involuntary, are explored. These categories are based on determining the presence of a user by different responses from either voluntary (e.g. passwords or multiple biometrics) or involuntary (e.g. pulse oximetry or blood pressure) liveness detections. The main objective of this paper is to critically review the voluntary and involuntary fingerprint liveness detection techniques proposed in the literature, and discuss their effectiveness and possible limitations.