Inferring constraints from multiple snapshots
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Peridot: creating user interfaces by demonstration
Watch what I do
A synergistic approach to specifying simple number independent layouts by example
CHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
KidSim: programming agents without a programming language
Communications of the ACM
Programming by example: intelligence in demonstrational interfaces
Communications of the ACM
Programming by example: visual generalization in programming by example
Communications of the ACM
Characterizing case constraints
Communications of the ACM
Empirical Software Engineering
MetaBuilder: The Diagrammer's Diagrammer
Diagrams '00 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Theory and Application of Diagrams
Increasing the flexibility of modelling tools via constraint-based specification
CASCON '99 Proceedings of the 1999 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research
MetaBuilder: a Generic CASE Tool Builder
APSEC '97 Proceedings of the Fourth Asia-Pacific Software Engineering and International Computer Science Conference
Pounamu: A Meta-Yool for Multi-View Visual Language Environment Construction
VLHCC '04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages - Human Centric Computing
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A visual language and environment for specifying user interface event handling in design tools
AUIC '07 Proceedings of the eight Australasian conference on User interface - Volume 64
A survey of robot learning from demonstration
Robotics and Autonomous Systems
Constraint specification by example in a Meta-CASE tool
Proceedings of the doctoral symposium for ESEC/FSE on Doctoral symposium
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Meta-CASE tools offer CASE tool specialisation by enabling a designer to specify a tool which is then generated automatically. Constraints are often used in such meta-CASE tools for governing the syntax and semantics of model elements and the values of their attributes. However, the constraint definition process is complex, time-consuming and error-prone. This paper presents an empirical study of the use of Specification by Example (SBE), based on the well-known notion of Programming by Example (PBE), as a user-computer interactive technique for such constraint specification. Two constraint specification techniques have been implemented in a meta-CASE tool a wizard that represents a conventional form-filling technique and an SBE technique that depends on the user providing one or more examples and the system inferring a list of possible intended constraints. The empirical study compared the wizard and SBE with respect to constraint definition correctness, task completion time, and user satisfaction. Two common modelling diagrams have been used, a State Transition Diagram and a Use Case Diagram. Results suggest that SBE is superior to the wizard in terms of measured criteria described above. Observations on the interaction of users with the system and opinions of participants are also presented.