Web caching with consistent hashing
WWW '99 Proceedings of the eighth international conference on World Wide Web
A Precise and Efficient Evaluation of the Proximity Between Web Clients and Their Local DNS Servers
ATEC '02 Proceedings of the General Track of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
The case for geographical push-caching
HOTOS '95 Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS-V)
An network measurement architecture for adaptive applications
An network measurement architecture for adaptive applications
On the responsiveness of DNS-based network control
Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
A measurement-based deployment proposal for IP anycast
Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Practical guide to controlled experiments on the web: listen to your customers not to the hippo
Proceedings of the 13th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
Cutting the electric bill for internet-scale systems
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2009 conference on Data communication
Matchmaking for online games and other latency-sensitive P2P systems
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2009 conference on Data communication
Moving beyond end-to-end path information to optimize CDN performance
Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference
Measuring and evaluating TCP splitting for cloud services
PAM'10 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Passive and active measurement
A practical solution to the client-LDNS mismatch problem
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Quantifying the benefits of joint content and network routing
Proceedings of the ACM SIGMETRICS/international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
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An edge network deployment consists of many (tens to a few hundred) satellite data centers. To optimize enduser perceived performance, a Global Traffic Management (GTM) solution needs to continuously monitor the performance between the users and the data centers, in order to dynamically select the "best" data center for each user. Though widely adopted in practice, GTM solutions based on active measurement techniques suffer from limited probing reachability. In this paper, we propose a novel DNS reflection method, which uses the GTM DNS traffic itself to measure the performance between an arbitrary end-user and the data centers. From these measurements, the best data center can be selected for the user. We have implemented and deployed a prototype system involving 17 geographically distributed locations within the Microsoft global data center network infrastructure. Our evaluation of the prototype shows that the DNS reflection method is extremely accurate and suitable for GTM. In particular, at the 95 percentile, the measured latency is 6 ms away from Ping, and the selected data center is 2 ms away from the ground-truth best.