Probability, random processes, and estimation theory for engineers
Probability, random processes, and estimation theory for engineers
Digital halftoning
Probabilistic reasoning in intelligent systems: networks of plausible inference
Probabilistic reasoning in intelligent systems: networks of plausible inference
Digital watermarking
Digital Color Halftoning
Attacks on Copyright Marking Systems
Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Information Hiding
Error Correction Coding: Mathematical Methods and Algorithms
Error Correction Coding: Mathematical Methods and Algorithms
Expectation maximization algorithms for conditional likelihoods
ICML '05 Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Machine learning
Hiding Data in Ordered Dithering Halftone Images by Bit Interleaving
IIH-MSP '07 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on International Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing (IIH-MSP 2007) - Volume 01
`Print and Scan' Resilient Data Hiding in Images
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Power-spectrum condition for energy-efficient watermarking
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Engineering considerations in commercial watermarking
IEEE Communications Magazine
Electronic marking and identification techniques to discourage document copying
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Data hiding watermarking for halftone images
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Hardcopy image barcodes via block-error diffusion
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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We present a new framework for data hiding in images printed with clustered dot halftones. Our application scenario, like other hardcopy embedding methods, encounters fundamental challenges due to extreme bilevel quantization inherent in half toning, the stringent requirements of image fidelity, and other unavoidable printing and scanning distortions. To overcome these challenges, while still allowing for automated extraction of the embedded data and a high embedding capacity, we propose a number of innovations. First, we perform the embedding jointly with the half toning by employing an analytical halftone threshold function that allows steering of the halftone spot orientation within each halftone cell based upon embedded data. In this process, image fidelity is emphasized and, if necessary, the capability to recover individual data values is sacrificed resulting in unavoidable erasures and errors. To overcome these and other sources of errors, we propose a suitable data detection and error control methodology based upon a statistical representation for the print-scan channel that effectively models the channel dependence upon the cover image gray-level. To combat the geometric distortion inherent in the print-scan process, we exploit the periodic halftone structure to recover from global scaling and rotation and propose a novel decision directed synchronization technique that counters locally varying printing distortion. Experimental results demonstrate the power of the proposed framework: we achieve high operational rates while preserving halftone image quality.